An adjective immediately preceding its noun is attributive. Attributive adjectives appear directly to the left of their noun.
Examples in German:
This blue bag is heavy.
Diese blaue Tasche ist schwer.
The small girl is beautiful.
Das kleine Mädchen ist schön.
The happy people are young.
Die glücklichen Leute sind jung.
Attributive Adjectives precede the nound and they take endings which are determined by what precedes them (i.e. a "der-word" or an "ein-word" or nothing).
Masculine | Feminine | |
Nominative | der nette Mann | die nette Frau |
Accusative | den netten Mann | die nette Frau |
Dative | dem netten Mann | der netten Frau |
Genitive | des netten Mannes | der netten Frau |
When an attributive adjective is not preceded by a "der-word" or an "ein-word" it is called an Unpreceded Adjective(with the exception of the masculine and neuter Genitive) are the "der-word" (or "dieser-word") endings.
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
Nominative | guter Wein | gute Milch | gutes Bier | gute Kinder |
Accusative | guten Wein | gute Milch | gutes Bier | gute Kinder |
Dative | gutem Wein | guter Milch | gutem Bier | guten Kindern |
Genitive | guten Weins | guter Milch | guten Biers | guter Kinder |
The Endings of Declined Adjectives:
There are three declension systems in German, (strong), (weak), and (mixed). Each system declines in 3 genders and plural. The following tables are different from those in many American grammar books, which tabulate only endings.
Strong Declension
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
Nom. | roter Wein | warme Speise | hartes Metall | harte Metalle |
Acc. | (für) roten Wein | (für) warme Speise | (für) hartes Metall | (für) harte Metalle |
Dat. | (aus) rotem Wein | (aus) warmer Speise | (aus) hartem Metall | (aus) harten Metallen |
Gen. | (statt) roten Weins | (statt) warmer Speise | (statt) harten Metalls | (statt) harter Metalle |
Weak Declension
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
Nom. | der bunte Stoff | die alte Burg | das kleine Kind | die kleinen Kinder |
Acc. | (für) den bunten Stoff | (für) die alte Burg | (für) das kleine Kind | (für) die kleinen Kinder |
Dat. | (aus) dem bunten Stoff | (aus) der alten Burg | (aus) dem kleinen Kind | (aus) den kleinen Kindern |
Gen. | (statt) des bunten Stoffs | (statt) der alten Burg | (statt) des kleinen Kinds | (statt) der kleinen Kinder |
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