Wednesday, March 18, 2009

Two Important Verbs: haben and sein

To have and have not
Haben und nicht haben

The two most important German verbs are haben (to have) and sein (to be). As in most languages, the verb "to be" is one of the oldest verbs in German, and therefore one of the most irregular. The verb "to have" is only slightly less irregular, but no less vital to surviving in German.

We'll start with haben. Look at the following table for the conjugation of haben (to have) in the present tense, along with sample sentences. Notice the strong resemblance to English for many forms of this verb, with most forms only one letter off from the English (habe/have, hat/has). In the case of the familiar you (du), the German verb is identical to Old English: "thou hast" = "du hast."

Haben is also used in some German expressions that are translated with "to be" in English: Ich habe Hunger. = I'm hungry.

haben - to have

Deutsch

English

Sample Sentences

SINGULAR

ich habe

I have

Ich habe einen roten Wagen. (...a red car.)

du hast

you (fam.)
have

Du hast mein Buch. (...my book.)

er hat

he has

Er hat ein blaues Auge. (...a black eye.)

sie hat

she has

Sie hat blaue Augen. (...blue eyes.)

es hat

it has

Es hat keine Fehler. (...no flaws.)

PLURAL

wir haben

we have

Wir haben keine Zeit. (...no time.)

ihr habt

you (guys)
have

Habt ihr euer Geld? (...your money?)

sie haben

they have

Sie haben kein Geld. (They have no money.)

Sie haben

you have

Haben Sie das Geld? (Sie, formal "you," is both singular and plural.)

To be or not to be...
Sein oder nicht sein
...

Look at the following table for the conjugation of sein (to be) in the present tense. Notice how similar the German and English forms are in the third person (ist/is).

sein - to be

Deutsch

English

Sample Sentences

SINGULAR

ich bin

I am

Ich bin's. (It's me.)

du bist

you (fam.)
are

Du bist mein Schatz. (...my darling/treasure.)

er ist

he is

Er ist ein netter Kerl. (...a nice guy.)

sie ist

she is

Ist sie da? (Is she here?)

es ist

it is

Es ist mein Buch. (...my book.)

PLURAL

wir sind

we are

"Wir sind das Volk!" ("We are the people/nation!" - Slogan of 1989 East German protests in Leipzig.)

ihr seid

you (guys)
are

Seid ihr unsere Freunde? (..our friends.)

sie sind

they are

Sie sind unsere Freunde. (..our friends.)

Sie sind

you are

Sind Sie Herr Meier? (Sie, formal "you," is both singular and plural.)

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